{
  "site": "Overtaq",
  "url": "https://overtaq.com/",
  "description": "Overtaq tracks where machines stand against human records, discipline by discipline, and keeps every result rather than only the current best.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "generated": "2026-08-24",
  "lastChecked": "2026-08-24",
  "scales": {
    "verification": {
      "verified": "Verified",
      "reported": "Independently reported",
      "claim": "Manufacturer / team claim",
      "awaiting": "Awaiting verification",
      "disputed": "Disputed"
    },
    "comparability": {
      "direct": "Directly comparable",
      "broad": "Broadly comparable",
      "modified": "Modified conditions",
      "none": "Not directly comparable"
    },
    "crossoverClass": {
      "confirmed": "A machine passed the human benchmark in a contest or measurement Overtaq judges both well evidenced and legitimately comparable.",
      "qualified": "The machine result is independently reported, but the conditions differ materially from the human benchmark, so it is not counted as a confirmed crossover.",
      "claimed": "A crossing has been reported but rests on a team or organiser claim without independent measurement. Counted separately from confirmed crossovers.",
      "refused": "The machine and human results measure different things. Overtaq publishes the entry to document the mismatch, and counts no crossover."
    }
  },
  "countries": {
    "CH": {
      "name": "Switzerland",
      "adjective": "Swiss"
    },
    "CN": {
      "name": "China",
      "adjective": "Chinese"
    },
    "CU": {
      "name": "Cuba",
      "adjective": "Cuban"
    },
    "GB": {
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "adjective": "British"
    },
    "JM": {
      "name": "Jamaica",
      "adjective": "Jamaican"
    },
    "JP": {
      "name": "Japan",
      "adjective": "Japanese"
    },
    "KR": {
      "name": "South Korea",
      "adjective": "South Korean"
    },
    "NO": {
      "name": "Norway",
      "adjective": "Norwegian"
    },
    "UG": {
      "name": "Uganda",
      "adjective": "Ugandan"
    },
    "US": {
      "name": "United States",
      "adjective": "American"
    },
    "MULTI": {
      "name": "Multinational",
      "adjective": "Multinational"
    }
  },
  "count": 10,
  "records": [
    {
      "discipline": "100 metres",
      "slug": "100m",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/100m",
      "category": "Physical",
      "domain": "Athletics · sprint",
      "type": "quantitative",
      "metric": "Time over 100 metres from a standing start",
      "unit": "s",
      "lowerIsBetter": true,
      "human": {
        "value": 9.58,
        "display": "9.58",
        "holder": "Usain Bolt",
        "affiliation": "Jamaica",
        "countries": [
          "JM"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Jamaica"
        ],
        "date": "2009-08-16",
        "event": "World Championships, Berlin",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": 9.39,
        "display": "9.39",
        "system": "Tiangong Ultra",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "X-Humanoid (Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center)",
            "kind": "lab",
            "countries": [
              "CN"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "CN"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "China"
        ],
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "event": "World Humanoid Robot Games, 100 m preliminary heat, National Speed Skating Oval, Beijing",
        "verification": "reported",
        "comparability": "modified",
        "conditions": "Won a preliminary heat at a robot-specific event with no athletics governing body, no published wind reading and no published timing chain. The robot lost stability after the line and veered into the safety barrier. Honor’s Lightning finished the same heat in 9.47 s, also inside the human record."
      },
      "secondaryClaim": {
        "value": 9.32,
        "display": "9.32",
        "unit": "s",
        "system": "Lightning",
        "holder": null,
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Honor",
            "kind": "company",
            "countries": [
              "CN"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "CN"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "China"
        ],
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "event": "Preparatory test run ahead of the World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing",
        "verification": "claim",
        "comparability": "modified",
        "conditions": "Reported by Chinese state broadcaster CCTV and by the company, not measured in competition. Peak speed given as 14.5 m/s. Lightning’s legs were lengthened from 95 cm to 105 cm between April’s half marathon and the Games, so the hardware differs from its earlier results.",
        "note": "Faster than the machine benchmark but not used as one: a team claim from a test run, not an independently observed competition result.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "Chinese humanoid robot ‘Lightning’ beats human 100m world record, state media says",
            "publisher": "Reuters",
            "date": "2026-08-22",
            "url": "https://kfgo.com/2026/08/22/chinese-humanoid-robot-lightning-beats-human-100m-world-record-state-media-says/",
            "doi": null,
            "supports": "9.32 s reported by China’s state broadcaster from a preparatory test event, peak speed 14.5 m/s — the basis for classifying it as a claim."
          },
          {
            "title": "Move over, Usain Bolt: Humanoid robots smash human records at Beijing games",
            "publisher": "NBC News",
            "date": "2026-08-23",
            "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/chinese-humanoid-robot-lightning-beats-human-100m-world-record-rcna593869",
            "doi": null,
            "supports": "9.39 s competition result; 9.32 s attributed to a pre-games trial reported by the company."
          }
        ]
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2026-08-22",
        "event": "World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing",
        "claim": "First independently reported machine marks over 100 metres inside the human world record: Tiangong Ultra 9.39 s, Honor’s Lightning 9.47 s, in the same preliminary heat."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "qualified",
      "verification": "reported",
      "comparability": "modified",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-24",
      "answer": "On 22 August 2026 the humanoid robot Tiangong Ultra ran 100 metres in 9.39 seconds in a preliminary heat at the World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing, inside Usain Bolt’s 9.58-second human world record; Honor’s Lightning finished the same heat in 9.47 seconds. Overtaq takes 9.39 as the machine benchmark: independently reported, but under modified conditions — a robot-specific event with no athletics governing body, no published wind reading and no published timing chain. A faster figure of 9.32 seconds, reported by Chinese state media from a preparatory test run by Lightning, remains a team claim and is not used as the benchmark.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin! — UPDATED",
          "publisher": "World Athletics",
          "date": "2009-08-16",
          "url": "https://worldathletics.org/news/news/bolt-again-958-world-record-in-berlin-updat",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "100 Metres — discipline record",
          "publisher": "World Athletics",
          "date": "2026-08-24",
          "url": "https://worldathletics.org/disciplines/sprints/100-metres",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Chinese robots beat Usain Bolt’s 100m world record at Beijing games",
          "publisher": "Reuters (via The Tribune)",
          "date": "2026-08-23",
          "url": "https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/chinese-robots-beat-usain-bolts-100m-world-record-at-beijing-games/",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Move over, Usain Bolt: Humanoid robots smash human records at Beijing games",
          "publisher": "NBC News",
          "date": "2026-08-23",
          "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/chinese-humanoid-robot-lightning-beats-human-100m-world-record-rcna593869",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Chinese humanoid robot ‘Lightning’ beats human 100m world record, state media says",
          "publisher": "Reuters",
          "date": "2026-08-22",
          "url": "https://kfgo.com/2026/08/22/chinese-humanoid-robot-lightning-beats-human-100m-world-record-state-media-says/",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Humanoid Chinese robots are smashing running records set by humans",
          "publisher": "Fortune",
          "date": "2026-08-22",
          "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/08/22/chinese-robots-beijing-games-athletic-records-humans-usain-bolt/",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Half marathon",
      "slug": "half-marathon",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/half-marathon",
      "category": "Physical",
      "domain": "Athletics · road",
      "type": "quantitative",
      "metric": "Time over 21.0975 km on a road course",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": true,
      "human": {
        "value": 56.85,
        "display": "56:51",
        "holder": "Yomif Kejelcha",
        "affiliation": "Ethiopia",
        "countries": [
          "ET"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "ET"
        ],
        "date": "2026-08-23",
        "event": "Media Maratón Ciudad de Buenos Aires",
        "verification": "reported"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": 50.43,
        "display": "50:26",
        "system": "Lightning",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Honor Robot",
            "kind": "company",
            "countries": [
              "CN"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "CN"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "China"
        ],
        "date": "2026-04-19",
        "event": "Beijing E-Town Humanoid Robot Half Marathon",
        "verification": "reported",
        "comparability": "modified",
        "conditions": "Ran a humanoid division alongside the human race. Battery changes and human handlers are permitted in the humanoid category; the human record allows neither."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2026-04-19",
        "event": "Beijing E-Town Humanoid Robot Half Marathon",
        "claim": "A machine covered the half marathon distance in 50:26, inside every ratified human world record for the distance, before or since. The mark standing today is Yomif Kejelcha’s 56:51 from August 2026."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "qualified",
      "verification": "reported",
      "comparability": "modified",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "A humanoid robot covered the half marathon in 50:26 at the Beijing E-Town Humanoid Robot Half Marathon in April 2026, faster than Yomif Kejelcha’s 56:51 human world record. The machine ran in a humanoid division that permits battery swaps and handler contact, so Overtaq records the crossing as qualified rather than confirmed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "FLASH: Kejelcha regains world half marathon record with 56:51 in Buenos Aires",
          "publisher": "World Athletics",
          "date": "2026-08-23",
          "url": "https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-label-road-races/news/world-half-marathon-record-buenos-aires-2026-yomif-kejelcha",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Humanoid robots run alongside humans in Beijing half marathon",
          "publisher": "Reuters",
          "date": "2025-04-19",
          "url": null,
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Humanoid robot finishes Beijing half marathon in 50:26",
          "publisher": "Al Jazeera",
          "date": "2026-04-12",
          "url": null,
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Chess",
      "slug": "chess",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/chess",
      "category": "Cognitive",
      "domain": "Board game · classical",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Match play against the reigning or peak-rated human champion",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": 2882,
        "display": "2882",
        "holder": "Magnus Carlsen",
        "affiliation": "Peak FIDE rating, May 2014",
        "countries": [
          "NO"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Norway"
        ],
        "date": "2014-05-01",
        "event": "FIDE rating list",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": 3653,
        "display": "3653",
        "system": "Stockfish 18",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Stockfish open-source community",
            "kind": "community",
            "countries": [
              "MULTI"
            ]
          },
          {
            "name": "IBM (1997 crossover)",
            "kind": "company",
            "countries": [
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "MULTI",
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Multinational",
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2026-01-31",
        "event": "CCRL 40/15 rating list",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "broad",
        "conditions": "CCRL is an engine-only rating pool. Engine and FIDE ratings are calibrated on different populations and cannot be subtracted directly."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "1997-05-11",
        "event": "Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov, rematch, New York",
        "claim": "IBM’s Deep Blue won a six-game match against the reigning world champion, 3½–2½."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "broad",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "Machines passed the human chess champion on 11 May 1997, when IBM’s Deep Blue won a six-game classical match against Garry Kasparov 3½–2½ in New York. It is a confirmed crossover, played under tournament conditions. Today’s strongest engine, Stockfish 18, is rated 3653 on the CCRL 40/15 list against Magnus Carlsen’s peak FIDE rating of 2882 — two separate rating pools, so the gap indicates scale rather than a subtractable difference.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deep Blue",
          "publisher": "IBM Icons of Progress",
          "date": "1997-05-11",
          "url": "https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "FIDE rating lists",
          "publisher": "FIDE",
          "date": "2014-05-01",
          "url": null,
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "CCRL 40/15 rating list",
          "publisher": "Computer Chess Rating Lists",
          "date": "2026-05-01",
          "url": "https://computerchess.org.uk/4040/",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Stockfish (chess)",
          "publisher": "Wikipedia",
          "date": "2026-05-01",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi and Go through self-play",
          "publisher": "Science / DeepMind",
          "date": "2018-12-07",
          "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar6404",
          "doi": "10.1126/science.aar6404"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Go",
      "slug": "go",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/go",
      "category": "Cognitive",
      "domain": "Board game · 19×19",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Match play against top-ranked professional players, no handicap",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Lee Sedol",
        "holder": "Lee Sedol",
        "affiliation": "9 dan · 18 world titles",
        "countries": [
          "KR"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "South Korea"
        ],
        "date": "2016-03-15",
        "event": "Google DeepMind Challenge Match, Seoul",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "AlphaGo",
        "system": "AlphaGo",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Google DeepMind",
            "kind": "lab",
            "countries": [
              "GB",
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "GB",
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United Kingdom",
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2016-03-15",
        "event": "Google DeepMind Challenge Match, Seoul",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "direct",
        "conditions": "Five games, full board, no handicap, standard time controls, refereed, broadcast live."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2016-03-15",
        "event": "AlphaGo 4–1 Lee Sedol, Seoul",
        "claim": "AlphaGo beat a top professional 4–1 over five games with no handicap."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "direct",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "Machines passed top human Go players on 15 March 2016, when DeepMind’s AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol 4–1 over five games on a full board with no handicap, refereed and broadcast live. Overtaq records a confirmed crossover. A 2023 result, in which an amateur beat leading engines using an adversarial policy, shows machine superiority in Go is not uniform across all positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search",
          "publisher": "Nature 529, 484–489",
          "date": "2016-01-28",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16961",
          "doi": "10.1038/nature16961"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaGo",
          "publisher": "Google DeepMind",
          "date": "2017-05-27",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/research/breakthroughs/alphago/",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge",
          "publisher": "Nature 550, 354–359",
          "date": "2017-10-18",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24270",
          "doi": "10.1038/nature24270"
        },
        {
          "title": "Adversarial Policies Beat Superhuman Go AIs",
          "publisher": "ICML 2023 / arXiv:2211.00241",
          "date": "2023-02-17",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00241",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Rubik’s Cube",
      "slug": "rubiks-cube",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/rubiks-cube",
      "category": "Physical",
      "domain": "Puzzle · 3×3×3 single solve",
      "type": "quantitative",
      "metric": "Time to solve a scrambled 3×3×3 puzzle cube, single attempt",
      "unit": "s",
      "lowerIsBetter": true,
      "human": {
        "value": 3.05,
        "display": "3.05",
        "holder": "Xuanyi Geng",
        "affiliation": "China",
        "countries": [
          "CN"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "China"
        ],
        "date": "2025-04-05",
        "event": "WCA competition single",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": 0.103,
        "display": "0.103",
        "system": "Purdubik’s Cube",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering",
            "kind": "university",
            "countries": [
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2025-04-21",
        "event": "Guinness World Records attempt, West Lafayette",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "modified",
        "conditions": "Machine receives the cube state by camera and actuates all faces simultaneously. Human solvers get a 15-second inspection and turn one face at a time by hand."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2014-03-15",
        "event": "Cubestormer 3, Big Bang Fair, Birmingham",
        "claim": "A LEGO-based machine solved the cube in 3.253s, faster than the human record of the day."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "modified",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "The fastest machine solve of a 3×3×3 puzzle cube is 0.103 seconds, set by Purdue University’s Purdubik’s Cube in April 2025, against a human world record of 3.05 seconds. Machines first passed the human record in March 2014 and have held it since. Overtaq records the machine marks under modified conditions: the machine reads the whole cube by camera and turns opposing faces simultaneously.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Official 3×3×3 single world record",
          "publisher": "World Cube Association",
          "date": "2025-04-05",
          "url": "https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/rankings/333/single",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Purdue ECE students shatter Guinness World Record for fastest puzzle cube-solving robot",
          "publisher": "Purdue University",
          "date": "2025-05-14",
          "url": "https://engineering.purdue.edu/ECE/News/2025/purdue-ece-students-shatter-guinness-world-record-for-fastest-puzzle-cube-solving-robot",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "This machine can solve a Rubik’s Cube faster than most people blink",
          "publisher": "NBC News",
          "date": "2025-05-15",
          "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/science/innovation/rubiks-cube-speed-record-purdue-rcna207147",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Robot sets new Rubik’s Cube speed record, completing the puzzle in 0.305 seconds",
          "publisher": "Smithsonian Magazine",
          "date": "2024-05-24",
          "url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/robot-sets-new-rubiks-cube-speed-record-completing-the-puzzle-in-0305-seconds-180984430/",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "The race to build the fastest cube-solving robot",
          "publisher": "Rubik’s Cube World",
          "date": "2025-06-17",
          "url": "https://rubikscube.world/2025/06/17/fastest-solve/",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Drone racing",
      "slug": "drone-racing",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/drone-racing",
      "category": "Physical",
      "domain": "FPV racing · physical track",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Head-to-head races against world-champion FPV pilots on a physical track",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "World champions",
        "holder": "Alex Vanover, Thomas Bitmatta, Marvin Schaepper",
        "affiliation": "DRL 2019, MultiGP 2019 and three-time Swiss champions",
        "countries": [
          "US",
          "GB",
          "CH"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United States",
          "United Kingdom",
          "Switzerland"
        ],
        "date": "2022-06-13",
        "event": "Head-to-head series, University of Zurich",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Swift",
        "system": "Swift",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "University of Zurich, Robotics and Perception Group",
            "kind": "university",
            "countries": [
              "CH"
            ]
          },
          {
            "name": "Intel",
            "kind": "company",
            "countries": [
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "CH",
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Switzerland",
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2022-06-13",
        "event": "Head-to-head series, University of Zurich",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "broad",
        "conditions": "Swift flew using onboard camera and inertial sensing only, like the human pilots. Racing was on a single track designed by a professional pilot; performance degraded when lighting changed."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2022-06-13",
        "event": "Swift vs three champion pilots, Zurich",
        "claim": "Swift won 15 of 25 head-to-head races and set the fastest recorded lap, half a second clear of the best human time."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "broad",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "An autonomous drone first beat champion human pilots in June 2022, when Swift — built by the University of Zurich with Intel — won 15 of 25 head-to-head races and set the fastest lap, flying on onboard camera and inertial sensing alone. Overtaq records a confirmed crossover on one track: Swift lost 40 per cent of its races and lost its advantage when the lighting changed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Champion-level drone racing using deep reinforcement learning",
          "publisher": "Nature 620, 982–987",
          "date": "2023-08-30",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06419-4",
          "doi": "10.1038/s41586-023-06419-4"
        },
        {
          "title": "High-speed AI drone overtakes world-champion drone racers",
          "publisher": "University of Zurich",
          "date": "2023-08-30",
          "url": "https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1000066",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Sim racing",
      "slug": "gran-turismo",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/gran-turismo",
      "category": "Cognitive",
      "domain": "Gran Turismo Sport · head-to-head",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Head-to-head races against the top-ranked human Gran Turismo drivers",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Top GT drivers",
        "holder": "Four of the highest-ranked Gran Turismo Sport drivers",
        "affiliation": "FIA-certified Gran Turismo Championships",
        "countries": [
          "MULTI"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Multinational"
        ],
        "date": "2021-10-21",
        "event": "Race Together, Tokyo",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "GT Sophy",
        "system": "GT Sophy",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Sony AI",
            "kind": "lab",
            "countries": [
              "JP"
            ]
          },
          {
            "name": "Polyphony Digital",
            "kind": "company",
            "countries": [
              "JP"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "JP"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Japan"
        ],
        "date": "2021-10-21",
        "event": "Race Together, Tokyo",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "broad",
        "conditions": "Four instances of the agent raced four top drivers across three races in Gran Turismo Sport. An earlier July 2021 event was won by the humans."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2021-10-21",
        "event": "GT Sophy vs four champion drivers",
        "claim": "GT Sophy won a head-to-head competition against four of the world’s best Gran Turismo drivers."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "broad",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "Sony AI’s GT Sophy beat four of the world’s top-ranked Gran Turismo drivers in a head-to-head competition on 21 October 2021, having lost the first exhibition three months earlier. The result holds inside the simulator, under the same cars, track and input limits. It is not a claim about real-world driving.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Outracing champion Gran Turismo drivers with deep reinforcement learning",
          "publisher": "Nature 602, 223–228",
          "date": "2022-02-10",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04357-7",
          "doi": "10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7"
        },
        {
          "title": "Gran Turismo Sophy — project timeline",
          "publisher": "Sony AI / Polyphony Digital",
          "date": "2022-11-25",
          "url": "https://www.gran-turismo.com/us/gran-turismo-sophy/project/",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Poker",
      "slug": "poker",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/poker",
      "category": "Cognitive",
      "domain": "Heads-up no-limit Texas hold’em",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Long-run win rate against elite professionals, measured in big blinds per 100 hands",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Four HUNL pros",
        "holder": "Jason Les, Dong Kim, Daniel McAulay, Jimmy Chou",
        "affiliation": "Invited heads-up specialists",
        "countries": [
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2017-01-30",
        "event": "Brains vs Artificial Intelligence, Rivers Casino, Pittsburgh",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Libratus",
        "system": "Libratus",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Carnegie Mellon University",
            "kind": "university",
            "countries": [
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2017-01-30",
        "event": "Brains vs Artificial Intelligence, Rivers Casino, Pittsburgh",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "direct",
        "conditions": "120,000 hands over 20 days, with duplicate hands dealt to control for card luck. Win rate of 147 big blinds per 100 hands, statistically significant."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2017-01-30",
        "event": "Libratus vs four professionals",
        "claim": "Libratus beat four elite heads-up specialists by 147 big blinds per 100 hands over 120,000 hands."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "direct",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "Carnegie Mellon’s Libratus beat four elite heads-up no-limit specialists by 147 big blinds per 100 hands over 120,000 hands in January 2017, with duplicate hands dealt to remove card luck. Overtaq records a confirmed, directly comparable crossover — the first decisive machine win in a large imperfect-information game.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
          "publisher": "Science 359, 418–424",
          "date": "2017-12-17",
          "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1733",
          "doi": "10.1126/science.aao1733"
        },
        {
          "title": "Superhuman AI for multiplayer poker",
          "publisher": "Science 365, 885–890",
          "date": "2019-07-11",
          "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aay2400",
          "doi": "10.1126/science.aay2400"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "StarCraft II",
      "slug": "starcraft-2",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/starcraft-2",
      "category": "Cognitive",
      "domain": "Real-time strategy · ladder play",
      "type": "crossover",
      "metric": "Ranked ladder standing against the human player population",
      "unit": null,
      "lowerIsBetter": null,
      "human": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Ranked ladder",
        "holder": "The Battle.net ranked player population",
        "affiliation": "European servers",
        "countries": [
          "MULTI"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Multinational"
        ],
        "date": "2019-10-30",
        "event": "Blizzard Battle.net ladder",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": null,
        "display": "Grandmaster",
        "system": "AlphaStar",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "Google DeepMind",
            "kind": "lab",
            "countries": [
              "GB",
              "US"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "GB",
          "US"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "United Kingdom",
          "United States"
        ],
        "date": "2019-10-30",
        "event": "Blizzard Battle.net ladder",
        "verification": "verified",
        "comparability": "broad",
        "conditions": "Played anonymously on the public ladder under human-like constraints: camera-view only, capped actions per minute, and a reaction delay. Reached Grandmaster with all three races, above 99.8% of ranked players."
      },
      "crossover": {
        "date": "2019-10-30",
        "event": "AlphaStar reaches Grandmaster on the public ladder",
        "claim": "AlphaStar ranked above 99.8% of ranked human players on the European servers, playing all three races."
      },
      "crossoverClass": "confirmed",
      "verification": "verified",
      "comparability": "broad",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "DeepMind’s AlphaStar reached Grandmaster on the public StarCraft II ladder on 30 October 2019, ranking above 99.8 per cent of ranked players with all three races, under camera-view observation, a capped action rate and an enforced reaction delay. It is a percentile result against the ladder population, not a match win over the single strongest human.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcement learning",
          "publisher": "Nature 575, 350–354",
          "date": "2019-10-30",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1724-z",
          "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1724-z"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaStar: Mastering the real-time strategy game StarCraft II",
          "publisher": "Google DeepMind",
          "date": "2019-01-24",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/alphastar-mastering-the-real-time-strategy-game-starcraft-ii/",
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "discipline": "Standing high jump",
      "slug": "standing-high-jump",
      "url": "https://overtaq.com/standing-high-jump",
      "category": "Physical",
      "domain": "Athletics · jump",
      "type": "quantitative",
      "metric": "Height cleared from a standing start, no run-up",
      "unit": "m",
      "lowerIsBetter": false,
      "human": {
        "value": 2.45,
        "display": "2.45",
        "holder": "Javier Sotomayor",
        "affiliation": "Cuba",
        "countries": [
          "CU"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "Cuba"
        ],
        "date": "1993-07-27",
        "event": "Salamanca — running high jump world record",
        "verification": "verified"
      },
      "machine": {
        "value": 2.88,
        "display": "2.88",
        "system": "Unnamed humanoid",
        "attribution": [
          {
            "name": "X-Humanoid (Beijing Innovation Center of Human Robotics)",
            "kind": "lab",
            "countries": [
              "CN"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "countries": [
          "CN"
        ],
        "countryNames": [
          "China"
        ],
        "date": "2026-08-23",
        "event": "World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing",
        "verification": "reported",
        "comparability": "none",
        "conditions": "Standing jump with no run-up, machine-specific event, no governing body."
      },
      "crossover": null,
      "crossoverClass": "refused",
      "verification": "reported",
      "comparability": "none",
      "lastChecked": "2026-08-23",
      "answer": "A humanoid robot cleared 2.88 metres from a standing start at the 2026 World Humanoid Robot Games. Overtaq refuses the comparison usually drawn against Javier Sotomayor’s 2.45-metre high jump record: that mark was set with a full run-up and a Fosbury flop over a bar. There is no ratified human standing high jump record, so Overtaq counts no crossover here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "High jump — world records",
          "publisher": "World Athletics",
          "date": "1993-07-27",
          "url": "https://worldathletics.org/disciplines/jumps/high-jump",
          "doi": null
        },
        {
          "title": "Robots race, box and fall over at Beijing’s humanoid games",
          "publisher": "Al Jazeera",
          "date": "2026-08-22",
          "url": null,
          "doi": null
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}