The overtake timeline
Nine crossings, ordered by the date the machine passed the human benchmark. Seven Overtaq counts as confirmed; two are qualified — the distance and the task are right, the conditions are not — and are counted separately. A tenth discipline — the standing high jump — is published to refuse the comparison rather than to record a crossing.
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1997
Chess
11 MAY 1997 · DEEP BLUE · IBMPassed Garry Kasparov, reigning world champion. Won a six-game classical match 3½–2½ in New York, a year after losing to the same opponent.
CONFIRMED -
2014
Rubik’s Cube
15 MARCH 2014 · CUBESTORMER 3 · ARMPassed The standing human world record. Solved a 3×3×3 cube in 3.253s, passing the fastest human time of the day. Machines have held the mark ever since.
CONFIRMED -
2016
Go
15 MARCH 2016 · ALPHAGO · DEEPMINDPassed Lee Sedol, 9 dan. Won 4–1 over five games with no handicap, roughly a decade earlier than the field expected.
CONFIRMED -
2017
Poker
30 JANUARY 2017 · LIBRATUS · CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITYPassed Four elite heads-up specialists. Won by 147 big blinds per 100 hands over 120,000 hands, with duplicate dealing to remove card luck.
CONFIRMED -
2019
StarCraft II
30 OCTOBER 2019 · ALPHASTAR · DEEPMINDPassed The ranked ladder population. Reached Grandmaster above 99.8% of ranked players under camera-view and action-rate constraints.
CONFIRMED -
2021
Sim racing
21 OCTOBER 2021 · GT SOPHY · SONY AIPassed Four top-ranked Gran Turismo drivers. Won a head-to-head competition after losing the first exhibition three months earlier.
CONFIRMED -
2022
Drone racing
13 JUNE 2022 · SWIFT · UNIVERSITY OF ZURICHPassed Three champion FPV pilots. Won 15 of 25 races and set the fastest lap, flying on onboard sensing alone. The first physical sport to fall.
CONFIRMED -
2026
Half marathon
19 APRIL 2026 · LIGHTNING · HONOR ROBOTPassed Yomif Kejelcha, 56:51. Covered the distance in 50:26 in a humanoid division that permits battery swaps and handler contact.
QUALIFIED -
2026
100 metres
22 AUGUST 2026 · TIANGONG ULTRA · X-HUMANOIDPassed Usain Bolt, 9.58. 9.39 s in a preliminary heat at the World Humanoid Robot Games, with Honor’s Lightning at 9.47 s in the same heat. No published timing chain.
QUALIFIED